Force de Défense Nationale du Burundi. Several thousand troops deployed in South Kivu under a bilateral deal with Kinshasa; fights M23/FRN, Twirwaneho and Burundian rebels (RED-Tabara, FNL). Took heavy losses in the Hauts Plateaux in 2026 (one analysis estimates 100–150 killed in a single June battle; Bujumbura publishes no tolls).

Origin: Burundi

Recent (to 3 Nov 2026)

  • Late Oct 2026: a 44-second video circulating online, filed as ‘alleged Burundian soldiers killed by the FRN near Uvira’, shows a dozen or more bodies in mixed camouflage and civilian clothes on a grassy highland ridge, plus collected weapons. Uniforms are not identifiable as FDNB and the place is not geolocated; not confirmed by Bujumbura or independent media.

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